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Phase Transformations

  • Relations between Van der Waals constants and the parameters of the critical state of a substance:
    $$V_{M\,cr} = 3b, \; p_{cr} = \frac{a}{27b^2}, \; T_{cr} = \frac{8a}{27Rb}.$$
  • Relation between the critical parameters for a mole of substance:
    $$p_{cr} V_{M\, cr} = (3/8)RT_{cr}.$$
  • Clausius-Clapeyron equation:
    $$\frac{dp}{dT} = \frac{q_{12}}{T\left(V_2^\prime - V_1^\prime\right)},$$

    where $ q_{12} $ is the specific heat absorbed in the transformation $ 1 \rightarrow 2 $, $ V_1^\prime $ and $ V_2^\prime $ are the specific volumes of phases $ 1 $ and $ 2 $.

Keywords: 
phase, phase transformation, Clausius, Clapeyron
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