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Liquids. Capillary Effects

  • Additional (capillary) pressure in a liquid under an arbitrary surface (Laplace's forumla):
    $$\Delta p = \alpha \left(\frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2}\right),$$

    where $ \alpha $ is the surface tension of a given liquid.

  • Free energy increment of the surface layer of a liquid:
    $$dF = \alpha dS,$$

    where $ dS $ is the area increment of the surface layer.

  • Amount of heat required to form a unit area of the liquid surface layer during the isothermal increase of its surface:
    $$ q = -T \frac{d\alpha}{dT}.$$

 

Keywords: 
capillary
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